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Appendices • Abbreviations • Thesaurus • Rhymes • Frequency lists • Phrasebooks Welcome to the English-language Wiktionary, a collaborative project to produce a free-content multilingual dictionary. Designed as the lexical companion to Wikipedia, the encyclopaedia project, Wiktionary has grown beyond a standard dictionary and now includes a thesaurus, a rhyme guide, phrase books, language statistics and extensive appendices. We aim to include not only the definition of a word, but also enough information to really understand it. Thus etymologies, pronunciations, sample quotations, synonyms, antonyms and translations are included. Wiktionary is a wiki, which means that you can edit it, and all the content is dual-licensed under both the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License as well as the GNU Free Documentation License. Before you contribute, you may wish to read through some of our Help pages, and bear in mind that we do things quite differently from other wikis. In particular we have strict layout conventions and inclusion criteria. Learn how to start a page, how to edit entries, experiment in the sandbox and visit our Community Portal to see how you can participate in the development of Wiktionary. , Word of the day for January 5 mettle n

1. A quality of endurance and courage.
2. Good temperament and character.

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Latin: a A b B c C d D e E f F g G h H i I j J k K l L m M n N o O p P q Q r R s S t T u U v V w W x X y Y z Z Accented: à-ç è-ý À-Ü Āā-Řř Śś-Žž Greek: Α-Κ Λ-Σ Τ-Ω α-θ ι-ρ σ-ω Ἀἀ-Ῥῥ Cyrillic: А-Н О-Я а-б в-г д-з и-к л-м н-о п р-с т-ц ч-я(-ә) Armenian: Ա-դ ե-ճ մ-ֆ Hebrew: ‏‏א-ו‎ ז-ל‎ מ-צ‎ ק-ת‎ Arabic: ‏‏ا-ب‎ ت-س‎ ش-م‎ ن-ی‎ Devanagari: अ-ठ ड-ॡ Khmer: ក – ឱ Japanese: ぁ-げ こ-ぱ ひ-ケ コ-ヶ Han Characters: 一 促 冱 卙 哪 圱 天 存 崃 弿 愷 捇 新 杁 Korean: ㄱ 가 나 다 라 마 바 사 아 자 차 카 타 파 하

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E-mail spam, also known as junk e-mail, is a subset of spam that involves nearly identical messages sent to numerous recipients by e-mail. A common synonym for spam is unsolicited bulk e-mail (UBE). Definitions of spam usually include the aspects that email is unsolicited and sent in bulk. "UCE" refers specifically to unsolicited commercial e-mail.

E-mail spam has steadily grown since the early 1990s. Botnets, networks of virus-infected computers, are used to send about 80% of spam. Since the cost of the spam is borne mostly by the recipient, it is effectively postage due advertising.

The legal status of spam varies from one jurisdiction to another. In the United States, spam was declared to be legal by the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 provided the message adheres to certain specifications. ISPs have attempted to recover the cost of spam through lawsuits against spammers, although they have been mostly unsuccessful in collecting damages despite winning in court.

Spammers collect e-mail addresses from chatrooms, websites, customer lists, newsgroups, and viruses which harvest users' address books, and are sold to other spammers. They also use a practice known as "e-mail appending" or "epending" in which they use known information about their target (such as a postal address) to search for the target's email address. Much of spam is sent to invalid e-mail addresses. Spam averages 78% of all e-mail sent.